Which of the following is NOT one of the three methods of ADR?

• A. Arbitration
• B. Mediation
• C. Litigation
• D. Negotiation

Answer: (C)

The correct answer is litigation, as it is fundamentally different from the methods of alternative dispute resolution (ADR). The three primary methods of ADR are arbitration, mediation, and negotiation.

Arbitration involves a neutral third party who hears both sides of a dispute and makes a binding decision. Mediation, on the other hand, involves a mediator who facilitates discussions between the parties to help them reach a mutually acceptable solution, but does not impose a decision. Negotiation is the process where the parties directly communicate with each other to resolve their disputes without involving a third party.

Litigation, in contrast, refers to the formal process of resolving disputes through the court system, which often includes a public trial and can be costly and time-consuming. This fundamental separation of litigation from ADR highlights why it is not considered one of the methods of alternative dispute resolution.